Kolodziejak, Daan (Eindhoven University of Technology), Pham, T.H. (TNO Powetrains, Powertrains Department, P.O. Box 756, 5700 AT, H), Hofman, Theo (Technische Universiteit Eindhoven), Wilkins, Steven (TNO Powetrains, Powertrains Department, P.O. Box 756, 5700 AT, H)

An Optimization and Analysis Framework for TCO Minimization of Plug-In Hybrid Heavy-Duty Electric Vehicles

Scheduled for presentation during the Regular Session "Advanced Control for Particulars Vehicles" (WeBT1), Wednesday, June 26, 2019, 16:10−16:30, Chambord

9th IFAC International Symposium on Advances in Automotive Control, June 23-27, 2019, Orléans, France

This information is tentative and subject to change. Compiled on April 25, 2024

Abstract

This paper develops an optimization framework to minimize the Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) for Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs). In this paper, TCO is the summation of operational and main vehicle powertrain components cost. The developed optimization framework is formulated via combining convex optimization and Dynamic Programming technique. This framework aims at minimizing TCO by optimizing not only the sizing of the main powertrain components but also the powertrain topology. Using the developed optimization framework, this paper elaborates relevant design factors for a considered bus application namely: i) the value of equipping a HEV with plug-in functionality; ii) the effect of battery aging and replacement cost; iii) the sensitivity to fuel and electricity cost; Simulation results show that the TCO can be reduced by having plug-in functionality in the HEVs. However, this may not hold if the electricity price (in Euros/kWh) is higher than certain times of the fuel price (in Euros/kWh), e.g. 2.25 for the simulated cases in this paper. Simulation results also suggest that it is more profitable to equip the vehicle with a big enough battery to avoid replacing it during the vehicle economical life.